Large states have supported this plan and small states have generally rejected it, favouring an alternative presented on 15 June. The New Jersey Plan proposed a single piece of legislation in which every state, regardless of size, would have a voice, as provided for in the Articles of Confederation. In the end, the Convention agreed on the Connecticut compromise and created a House of Representatives per population and a Senate where each state is represented in the same way. Ten months of public and private debate were necessary to ensure ratification by at least nine States. Rhode Island and North Carolina held out until a Bill of Rights was passed. In the ensuing debate on the adoption of the Constitution, James Madison partnered with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay of New York to write a masterful dissection and analysis of the system of government presented in the Constitution. The eighty-five articles were originally published in New York newspapers as arguments directed against anti-federal forces in that state, but their reach was much greater. Madison`s Federalist No. X explains what a growing republic could do if it accepted the basic premises of majority rule, a balanced government composed of three separate branches, and the obligation to compensate for all different interests with a system of mutual control. Delegates proposed many different methods for electing the Chair. An alternative was the direct election of the people, but this sparked controversy. Some delegates did not trust the judgment of the simple man. Others thought it was not practical in a country with many rural communities spread over a vast territory.

George Mason of Virginia said the Constitutional Convention was created in 1787 to replace the articles of the Confederacy with a national constitution for all states. The magnitude of the resolutions, which went far beyond tinkering with the articles of Confederation, broadened the debate to fundamental revisions of the structure and powers of the national government. The resolutions proposed, for example, a new form of national government with three branches: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. A controversial topic facing the Convention was how States, large and small, would be represented in the legislature. The question was whether there would be equal representation for each state, regardless of its size and population, or proportionally to the population that gave more votes to the Great States than to less populous states. . . .